Public Service Data (ID0094)
Overview
At-a-Glance
Action Plan: Indonesia Action Plan 2018-2020
Action Plan Cycle: 2018
Status: Active
Institutions
Lead Institution: Ministry of Finance 2. Ministry of Home Affairs
Support Institution(s): Ministry of Education and Culture 2. Ministry of Health 3. Ministry of Social Service, Indonesia National Forum on Budget Transparency
Policy Areas
E-Government, Education, Fiscal Openness, Health, Public Service Delivery, Publication of Budget/Fiscal Information, Subnational, Sustainable Development GoalsIRM Review
IRM Report: Indonesia Design Report 2018-2020
Starred: Pending IRM Review
Early Results: Pending IRM Review
Design i
Verifiable: Yes
Relevant to OGP Values: Access to Information , Technology
Implementation i
Completion: Pending IRM Review
Description
January 2019 - December 2020
Commitment Description
Lead implementing
agency/actor
1. Ministry of Finance
2. Ministry of Home Affairs
This commitment is an expansion of the previous
Action Plan 2016-2017 about the enhancement of
information disclosure in the government budget. The
government budget available in the Ministry of Finance
website (http://www.data-apbn.kemenkeu.go.id/). The
website provides budget map, data spending of the
government in national level. Furthermore, it also
presents a thematic budget allocation that includes the
item budget for government activities. However, the
public has difficulty to access the data because some
data are not accessible in the portal. It happened
because each ministry has the policy of budget
information disclosure differently. Therefore, sustaining
ministries commitments to publish the budget data is
needed. Through this commitment, the Ministry of
Finance requires support from the other ministry to
publish the budget, especially in education, health and
poverty eradication sector.
The innovation in data transparency is being expected
to be replicated by local governments. Accordingly, this
commitment also encourages the establishment of the
Local Government Budget platform. Thus, all of the
local government budget data will integrate into one
portal managed by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Moreover, the budget transparency in national and
regional level can be easily accessed by people
through the portal of the Ministry of Finance and
Ministry of Home Affairs using the equivalent quality
and standard for publication purpose. Consequently,
the monitoring function performed by people can be
well-implemented.
What is the public problem that
the commitment will address?
This commitment encourages related ministries and
institutions to publish budget data using the standard
of State Budget (APBN) Portal managed by Ministry of
Finance. In order to get all ministries to declare their
budget data, it is strongly recommended to sign
Memorandum of Understanding between Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of
Health and Ministry of Social Service.
Furthermore, this commitment encourages the Ministry
of Home Affairs to develop a website. It accommodates centralized Regional Budget (APBD) database. This
APBD Portal is different from the APBN Portal since
both are managed by two different authorities.
Standardized budget transparency both in APBN and
APBD portal which cover detail activities could solve
the problem on the data quality that will be published.
As for regional governments, this commitment requires
the Ministry of Home Affairs to encourage local
governments in publishing the budget through a
centralized and integrated electronic system
(E-budgeting). Furthermore, E-budgeting will promote
the implementation of the integrated budget system in
34 provinces.
How will the commitment
contribute to solve the public
problem?
The commitment is being aligned with some of Open
Government Partnership (OGP) values, transparency,
and accountability. Transparency is associate to public
information and accesses the information. It is
manifest in improving the quality of ministries and
institutions budget transparency in the national and
local level. Whereas accountability is correlating with
responsibility for government action through the
publication of government budget openly.
Why is this commitment relevant
to OGP values?
Additional information
Milestone Activity with a verifiable
deliverable
Start Date: End Date:
1. The availability of memorandum
of understanding on budget
publication for education, health,
and poverty eradication among
Ministry of Finance; Ministry of
Education and Culture; and
Ministry of Social Service
January 2019 December 2019
2.Publication of budget information
for education, health, and poverty
eradication up to the activity cost in
national budget data portal
January 2020 December 2020
State Budget
17 Indonesia Open Government Partnership National Action Plan 2018-2020
The commitment is also aligned with achievement
effort of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Number 16: “promote peaceful and inclusive
societies for sustainable development, provide
access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.”
Especially in the 16.6 target: “develop effective,
accountable, and transparent institutions at all
levels. Regional Budget
3. The forming of local budget data
portal (E-Budgeting) built by
Ministry of Home Affairs
January 2019 December 2019
4. The availability of budget data
from 34 provinces in E-Budgeting
portal
January 2020 December 2020
Contact information
Other Actors
Involved
State actors
involved
1. Ministry of Education and Culture
2. Ministry of Health
3. Ministry of Social Service
CSOs, private
sector, multilaterals,
working groups
Indonesia National Forum on Budget Transparency
(FITRA)
IRM Midterm Status Summary
3. Increasing the Access and Quality of Data Disclosures for Education, Health, Poverty Eradication Budget in Related Ministries/Institutions and All Regional Governments
Language of the commitment as it appears in the action plan:
This commitment encourages related ministries and institutions to publish budget data using the standard of State Budget (APBN) Portal managed by Ministry of Finance. In order to get all ministries to declare their budget data, it is strongly recommended to sign Memorandum of Understanding between Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Social Affairs.
Furthermore, this commitment encourages the Ministry of Home Affairs to develop a website. It accommodates centralized Regional Budget (APBD) database. This APBD Portal is different from the APBN Portal since both are managed by two different authorities.
Milestones:
State Budget
- The availability of memorandum of understanding on budget publication for education, health, and poverty eradication among Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Education and Culture; and Ministry of Social Affairs.
- Publication of budget information for education, health, and poverty eradication up to the activity cost in national budget data portal.
Regional Budget
- The forming of local budget data portal (E-Budgeting) built by Ministry of Home Affairs.
- The availability of budget data from 34 provinces in E-Budgeting portal.
Start Date: January 2019 End Date: December 2020
Context and Objectives
This commitment is a continuation from Indonesia’s fourth action plan. In the previous commitment, the government established data-apbn.kemenkeu.go.id, an online budget data portal. Through this portal, the Ministry of Finance publishes budget information from all ministries and public institutions, but not to the level of specificity that includes itemized costs of all activities.
Public information disclosure is mandated by Law No. 14/2008 on Information Disclosure. This law mandates that all public institutions funded by the state budget must disclose their budget information. However, it does not specify how the information must be disclosed. Consequently, different ministries have different policies in disclosing their budget information. [44] As a result, despite increased access to budget information through the budget data portal, citizens still face difficulties in accessing detailed, transparent information on the government’s budget.
To ensure continued commitment from the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Health, as well as the Ministry of Social Affairs who are respectively responsible for education, health, and poverty alleviation programs, this commitment will produce a memorandum of understanding between these ministries with the Ministry of Finance at the national level. The Ministry of Home Affairs will be responsible for budget information at the subnational level. The Ministry will develop a budget data portal for the 34 provincial governments that is similar to the national one developed by the Ministry of Finance. By the end of the action plan cycle, implementation of this commitment will be verified by the publication of education, health, and poverty eradication budget information on the Ministry of Finance’s data-apbn.kemenkeu.go.id portal as well as a separate portal for local governments administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
According to a representative from the Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency (FITRA), [45] this commitment could equip citizens with the necessary tools to reform how the government works in these three crucial sectors. However, it requires cooperation by the responsible ministries and local governments in disclosing their budget details. Specifically, FITRA hopes that the commitment will result in the government disclosing budget data that includes budget implementation checklist (DIPA) documents. [46] Access to DIPA, according to FITRA, would not only provide the budget allocated to a specific activity, but also information of how and where the government spends each itemized budget item. [47]
In this commitment, the government aims to increase the quality of budget disclosure in accordance with the level of specificity and standards set by the Ministry of Finance, specifically in the education, health, and poverty alleviation sectors. The focus on these three sectors is based on the fact that these three sectors represent a large percentage of the total government’s budget. Currently, citizens do not have access to detailed information on budget allocations. By the time citizens have the data, the budget is already passed and therefore there is no opportunity for citizens to demand changes to the budget. With increased transparency, citizens can scrutinize the state budget concurrently with the government.
For example, the government allocated 492.5 trillion rupiah or 20% for education of the total 2019 state budget. [48] Of this 492.5 trillion rupiah, only 7.3% (35.9 trillion) is actually managed by the Ministry of Education and Culture. [49] The Ministry of Religious Affairs receives the majority of funding at 10.5% (51.9 trillion), followed by the Ministry of Research and Higher Education at 8% (40.2 trillion). [50] The rest of the education budget goes to a variety of other ministries in different sectors as well as local governments.
Similar inconsistency in budget allocation is also found in the health and poverty alleviation sectors. The government allocated 5% (123.1 trillion rupiah) for health in 2019. [51] This amount included the budget for the government’s premium assistance beneficiaries (PBI) program, which is also managed by the Ministry of Social Affairs. Meanwhile, according to Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani, budget allocation for the poverty alleviation program also increased to 381 trillion rupiah. [52] This amount included the budget allocated for the PBI social protection program, which is also budgeted for the Ministry of Health. Additionally, the poverty alleviation budget also included allocations for small-and-medium enterprise development (managed by the Ministry of Cooperative and Small-and-Medium Enterprises), land reforms (managed by the Ministry of Land and Spatial Planning), and forestry (managed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry). [53]
One of the big challenges to this commitment comes in the form of inconsistent disclosure policy within the government. FITRA pointed at how each ministry has different interpretations between what types of information are public and therefore must be disclosed versus what types of information are privileged and can only be disclosed by filing an information request. [54] This policy inconsistency is particularly problematic in the government’s budget data disclosure.
In a broader scope, civil society and media often help to direct public attention to education, health, and poverty budget data. They help raise public awareness to discrepancies in this data and how the government allocates its budget for specific purposes and regions. While it is difficult to be certain of how citizens engage with this data in a meaningful way, civil society and media have been successful at generating public interest in government spending on education, health, and poverty eradication. For example, in 2017, the public scrutinized the Provincial Government of Jakarta after reports from media and civil society revealed the increased education budget for 2018 was allocated mostly for salary, building renovations, and office support as opposed to initiatives that would improve access to and the quality of education in the province. [55]
Discrepancies in data management within the government not only causes confusion among the public, but can lead to the government implementing ineffective policies and misallocating the state budget. FITRA noted that government institutions have stated that they have to spend a big portion of their budget to collect their own data. [56] However FITRA’s research shows data can instead be sourced from the BPS. This would increase efficiency and decrease the opportunity for corruption through budget misallocation and mismanagement due to invalid data used in making policies.
Next Steps
Considering the complexity of budget management within these three sectors, the government can use this commitment as a pilot project to improve budget disclosures. In future action plans, the government is recommended to aim to implement a clearer strategy to improve budget disclosures across all ministries and government institutions.
In implementing this commitment, the government could focus on the following steps:
- Encourage participation from other relevant ministries beyond the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Social Affairs to ensure comprehensive budget disclosure in the education, health, and poverty alleviation sectors;
- Work closely with relevant CSOs to develop a clearer mechanism to ensure the budget data portals, managed by both the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Home Affairs, adhere to the basic principles of budget transparency;
- Public participation could enhance budget monitoring. Opening a channel for public feedback on service delivery and project execution can complement budget information disclosed by the government on the budget data portals. This could be particularly helpful in sectors like education, health, public works, and infrastructure; and
- Develop a framework to harmonize budget management and disclosure policies across different ministries, government agencies, and local governments.
[44] Open Government Indonesia National Secretariat, “Indonesia OGP National Action Plan 2018–2020” (2018), 16, https://www.opengovpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Indonesia_Action-Plan_2018-2020.pdf.
[45] Yenti Nurhidayat (Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency), interview by IRM researcher, 18 Mar. 2019.
[48] Government of Indonesia, “Bangun SDM, Pemerintah Alokasikan Rp 492,555 Triliun dari APBN 2019 untuk Pendidikan”(2018), https://setkab.go.id/bangun-sdm-pemerintah-alokasikan-rp492555-triliun-dari-apbn-2019-untuk-pendidikan.
[51] Ministry of Finance, “Anggaran Kesehatan APBN 2019” (accessed Mar. 2019), http://visual.kemenkeu.go.id/anggaran-kesehatan-apbn-2019.
[52] Merdeka, “Anggaran Pengentasan Kemiskinan Ditambah Jadi Rp 381 Triliun di 2019” (2018), https://www.merdeka.com/uang/anggaran-penanggulangan-kemiskinan-ditambah-jadi-rp-381-triliun-di-2019.html.
[55] Mutfi Sholih, “Kritik untuk Sejumlah Alokasi Mata Anggaran Pendidikan di DKI” (Tirto, 29 Dec. 2017), https://tirto.id/kritik-untuk-sejumlah-alokasi-mata-anggaran-pendidikan-di-dki-cCql.
Commitments
-
Disclose public procurement and open contract information
ID0111, 2020, Anti-Corruption
-
Increase responsiveness to public service complaints
ID0112, 2020, E-Government
-
Implement One Data Indonesia policy
ID0113, 2020, Access to Information
-
Pilot community-based evaluation for development programs
ID0114, 2020, Public Participation
-
Increase public service access for marginalized groups
ID0115, 2020, Health
-
Accessibility for persons with disabilities in judicial process
ID0116, 2020, Access to Justice
-
Develop open legal aid information portal
ID0117, 2020, Access to Justice
-
Expand capacity of legal aid services
ID0118, 2020, Access to Justice
-
Provide legal aid to vulnerable groups
ID0119, 2020, Access to Justice
-
Ensure access to legal aid information
ID0120, 2020, Access to Information
-
Make social welfare data more transparent
ID0121, 2020, Access to Information
-
Pilot social accountability approach in villages
ID0122, 2020, Capacity Building
-
Provide open election data
ID0123, 2020, Access to Information
-
Create digital platform for female health services
ID0124, 2020, E-Government
-
Disclose information related to COVID-19 budget
ID0125, 2020, E-Government
-
Involve civil society in Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Bill
ID0126, 2020, Access to Justice
-
Strengthen and open access to beneficial ownership data
ID0127, 2020, Anti-Corruption
-
Promote civic space in restorative justice efforts
ID0128, 2020, Civic Space
-
Improve capacity to promote public participation in legislative process
ID0129, 2020, Capacity Building
-
Create digital platform for open parliament data
ID0130, 2020, Access to Information
-
Provide public access to information on members of parliament
ID0131, 2020, Capacity Building
-
Create forums for dialogue between parliament members and citizens
ID0132, 2020, Open Parliaments
-
Use journalists and media to promote innovations in parliamentary openness
ID0133, 2020, E-Government
-
Institutionalize and increase capacity of Open Parliament Indonesia
ID0134, 2020, Capacity Building
-
Platform for Improved Legislative Data and Information
ID0106, 2018, Capacity Building
-
Make Legislative Information More Accessible
ID0107, 2018, E-Government
-
Improving Documentation and Access to Information on Parliamentary Sessions
ID0108, 2018, E-Government
-
Formulation of the Open Parliament Indonesia Roadmap
ID0109, 2018, Capacity Building
-
Establishing the Open Parliament Indonesia Institution
ID0110, 2018, Open Parliaments
-
Extractives Data Management
ID0092, 2018, Anti-Corruption
-
Transparency and Participation in Health Data
ID0093, 2018, E-Government
-
Public Service Data
ID0094, 2018, E-Government
-
Participatory Education Budget
ID0095, 2018, Capacity Building
-
Participatory Village Government Planning
ID0096, 2018, Capacity Building
-
Civic Participation in E-Legislation Portal
ID0097, 2018, E-Government
-
Election Data Openness
ID0098, 2018, Access to Information
-
Health Service Data
ID0099, 2018, E-Government
-
Public Consultation Reform
ID0100, 2018, Capacity Building
-
LAPOR!-SP4N Quality Improvements
ID0101, 2018, Capacity Building
-
Complaint System for Environment
ID0102, 2018, Anti-Corruption
-
Government Procurement Transparency
ID0103, 2018, Anti-Corruption
-
Strenthening Open Data
ID0104, 2018, Access to Information
-
Improvements to Legal Aid
ID0105, 2018, Access to Justice
-
Open Government Strategic Plan
ID0047, 2016, Public Participation
-
Public Agency Consultation Guidlines
ID0048, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Good Governance Manual and Public Consultations to Reach SDGs
ID0049, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Geospatial Information Management
ID0050, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Monitoring Public Services by Ombudsman
ID0051, 2016, E-Government
-
Ombudsman Overseeing Public Services
ID0052, 2016,
-
Public Services at Ministry of Education and Culture
ID0053, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Public Services at Ministry of Religious Affairs
ID0054, 2016,
-
Development of LAPOR into SP4N
ID0055, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Public Complaints Administration Integration into LAPOR!-SP4N
ID0056, 2016, Capacity Building
-
LAPOR!- SP4N as Citizen Aspiration and Complaints Platform
ID0057, 2016, Capacity Building
-
1 Million Complaints Via LAPOR! by 2016
ID0058, 2016, E-Government
-
LAPOR! Public Accountability
ID0059, 2016, Public Participation
-
Interconnectivity of SOEs to LAPOR!
ID0060, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Environment and Forrest Sector Public Complaints
ID0061, 2016, E-Government
-
Strengthened Village Governance
ID0062, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Public Information Disclosure Through Ministry of Health
ID0063, 2016, E-Government
-
Public Information Disclosure Through Ministry of Education and Culture
ID0064, 2016, E-Government
-
Public Information Disclosure Through Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education
ID0065, 2016, E-Government
-
Public Information Disclosure at Higher Education Institutions
ID0066, 2016, E-Government
-
Budget Transparency Information System
ID0067, 2016, E-Government
-
Inter Agency Data Governance
ID0068, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Open Data Implementation
ID0069, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Public Complaints Channels
ID0070, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Information Disclosure at Village Levels
ID0071, 2016, E-Government
-
Increase in Number of Open Data
ID0072, 2016, Access to Information
-
Improved Public Services
ID0073, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Transparency in the Regional Government Budget System
ID0074, 2016, E-Government
-
Procurement Disclosure in Bandung
ID0075, 2016, Anti-Corruption
-
Enhancing the LAPOR! Application
ID0076, 2016, E-Government
-
Public Complaints Services in the City of Bandung
ID0077, 2016, Public Participation
-
Information Disclosure on Citizens’ Proposals to DPRD
ID0078, 2016, E-Government
-
Greater Public Participation in Disseminating Development Information
ID0079, 2016, Education
-
"One Data Indonesia” in Semarang.
ID0080, 2016, Access to Information
-
One Data Basis for Semarang
ID0081, 2016, Access to Information
-
Enhanced Public Information Disclosure
ID0082, 2016, E-Government
-
Public Monitoring of Services in Semarang
ID0083, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Access to Information on DPRD
ID0084, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Data Governance of DPRD
ID0085, 2016, Fiscal Openness
-
Infrastructure for Fublic Information Disclosure
ID0086, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Public Information Communications Strategy
ID0087, 2016, Subnational
-
Information Through Jakarta.Go.Id Portal
ID0088, 2016, Capacity Building
-
Public Services Complaint Channel
ID0089, 2016, Public Participation
-
Strengthening of Data Governance
ID0090, 2016, Access to Information
-
Public Participation in Development Planning
ID0091, 2016, E-Government
-
Strengthening Transparency Infrastructure of Public Bodies
ID0028, 2014,
-
Strengthening Infrastructure of Central and Local Information Commission
ID0029, 2014, Capacity Building
-
Strengthening Institutional and Human Resources Infrastructure for Public Services
ID0030, 2014, Public Participation
-
Improve Quality of Openness in Health Services
ID0031, 2014, Health
-
Improve Quality of Openness in Education Services
ID0032, 2014, E-Government
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Law Enforcement
ID0033, 2014, E-Government
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Goods and Services Procurement
ID0034, 2014, Anti-Corruption
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Business Development and Investment Sector
ID0035, 2014, Capacity Building
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Land Affairs
ID0036, 2014, Land Rights & Spatial Planning
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Management of Migrant Workers
ID0037, 2014, Citizenship & Immigration
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Hajj Management
ID0038, 2014,
-
Accelerate Open and Good Governance Practices in Natural Resources Management
ID0039, 2014, Anti-Corruption
-
Improve Public Participation in Development Planning
ID0040, 2014, E-Government
-
Improve Public Participation in House of Representative and Regional Representative Council
ID0041, 2014, Open Parliaments
-
Improve Public Participation in Environmental Preservation
ID0042, 2014, Environment and Climate
-
Community Empowerment to Handle Poor Society and People with Disabilities and Special Needs
ID0043, 2014, Health
-
Community Empowerment to Support Environmental Sustainability
ID0044, 2014, Environment and Climate
-
Community Empowerment to Strengthen Agriculture Sector
ID0045, 2014, Capacity Building
-
Community Empowerment to Develop Creative Sector
ID0046, 2014, E-Government
-
Motor Vehicle Services
ID0013, 2013, Infrastructure & Transport
-
Public School Funding
ID0014, 2013, Anti-Corruption
-
Hajj Services: Ministry of Religious Affairs
ID0015, 2013, Anti-Corruption
-
Marriage Services: Office of Religious Affairs
ID0016, 2013,
-
Toll Roads
ID0017, 2013,
-
Land Affairs Transparency
ID0018, 2013, E-Government
-
Forest Management
ID0019, 2013, Anti-Corruption
-
Transparency and Accountability in Natural Resources Management Activity
ID0020, 2013, Access to Information
-
Oil, Gas, and Mining Revenue Transparency
ID0021, 2013, Anti-Corruption
-
Appointments of Information and Documentation Management Officials (PPID) in National Agencies and Enactments of their Standard Operating Procedure
ID0022, 2013, Access to Information
-
Formulation of a Working Plan and a Well-Operated Tracking System for Business/Investment Licensing Servies in 10 Provinces and 10 Regencies/Cities
ID0023, 2013, E-Government
-
Encouraging the Acceleration of the Operational Formation for Information Services in Local Government through the Formation of Local Government's PPID and its Tools
ID0024, 2013, Access to Information
-
Encouraging Comprehensive Implementation of Open Government in Pilot Province/Regency/City
ID0025, 2013, Subnational
-
Integration of Performance-Based Budgeting
ID0026, 2013, Fiscal Openness
-
Ensuring the Publication of Budget Plan (RKA/DIPA)
ID0027, 2013, Fiscal Openness
-
Poverty Reduction
ID0001, 2011, E-Government
-
Education Subsidies
ID0002, 2011, Education
-
Health Subsidies
ID0003, 2011, Health
-
Police
ID0004, 2011, Access to Justice
-
High Corruption Risk
ID0005, 2011, E-Government
-
Civil Service Recruitment
ID0006, 2011, Capacity Building
-
Land Administration
ID0007, 2011, E-Government
-
National Budget Information
ID0008, 2011, Anti-Corruption
-
District Budget Information
ID0009, 2011, Fiscal Openness
-
e-Procurement
ID0010, 2011, Anti-Corruption
-
One-Map Portal
ID0011, 2011, E-Government
-
Environmental Openness
ID0012, 2011, Anti-Corruption