Indonesia Results Report 2022-2024

Indonesia’s seventh action planAction plans are at the core of a government’s participation in OGP. They are the product of a co-creation process in which government and civil society jointly develop commitments to open governmen... took steps toward improving access to justiceAccessible justice systems – both formal and informal – ensure that individuals and communities with legal needs know where to go for help, obtain the help they need, and move through a system tha... More for vulnerable groups and beneficial ownershipDisclosing beneficial owners — those who ultimately control or profit from a business — is essential for combating corruption, stemming illicit financial flows, and fighting tax evasion. Technical... More transparencyAccording to OGP’s Articles of Governance, transparency occurs when “government-held information (including on activities and decisions) is open, comprehensive, timely, freely available to the pub... More, particularly for companies in high-risk sectors. Compared to the previous cycle, this plan achieved a higher level of completionImplementers must follow through on their commitments for them to achieve impact. For each commitment, OGP’s Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM) evaluates the degree to which the activities outlin... More, but a lower level of early resultsEarly results refer to concrete changes in government practice related to transparency, citizen participation, and/or public accountability as a result of a commitment’s implementation. OGP’s Inde... More. Strengthening the legal basis for Open Government Indonesia could secure government support and strengthen the sustainability of open government reforms.

Implementation

Compared to the previous action plan, this plan achieved a higher level of completion, but a lower level of early results. This indicates the need to re-engage momentum for future open government reforms with more ambitious scope. Overall, 11 of the 15 commitments were either fully or substantially completed, and 6 achieved moderate early results. All three commitments identified as promising in the Action Plan Review were substantially or fully completed. Among these, CommitmentOGP commitments are promises for reform co-created by governments and civil society and submitted as part of an action plan. Commitments typically include a description of the problem, concrete action... 14 did not produce early results as collaboration with civil society fell short of open government objectives.

The strongest early results emerged from Commitments 2, 11, and 13. Under Commitment 2, over 97% of companies in high-risk sectors disclosed their beneficial ownership information. Commitment 11 introduced guidelines to guarantee proper accommodations for persons with disabilities by the Attorney General’s Office, while Commitment 13 took steps towards improving legal aidMore and better information about aid helps partner countries and donor institutions plan and manage aid resources more effectively, parliaments and civil society to hold governments accountable for t... for vulnerable groups. These commitments benefited from alignment with implementers’ capacities, robust funding, and prioritization and collaboration by government and civil society organizations (CSOs).

Three other commitments took positive steps as well, but their results had narrower scope. Commitment 1 integrated beneficial ownership information into a government procurement database, Commitment 5 launched a mechanism to handle disinformation complaints during electionsImproving transparency in elections and maintaining the independence of electoral commissions is vital for promoting trust in the electoral system, preventing electoral fraud, and upholding the democr... More, and Commitment 9 piloted good governance practices in five villages.

Participation and Co-Creation

Indonesia’s OGP process is overseen by a multi-stakeholder board of directors and supported by the Open Government Indonesia (OGI) Secretariat under the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) along with an OGI-CSO Secretariat. OGI shifted from the Directorate of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Transformation to the Directorate of Foreign Affairs and International Development Cooperation in January 2024.^[1] This did not impact OGI coordination efforts with other government bodies. Strengthening the legal basis for OGI could secure government support and strengthen the sustainability of open government reforms.

Co-creation benefited from long-term relationships between government and civil society partners whose collaboration has now spanned multiple action plan cycles. During action plan design, there were improvements in outreach and reasoned responseOngoing dialogue between stakeholders during the development of an OGP action plan is critical to the plan’s success. Specifically, communicating back to stakeholders the ideas received and decision... to civil society. During implementation, there was some decline in civil society interest compared to previous cycles. Half of commitment milestones incorporated active government-civil society collaboration, while others saw communication issues emerge. Some CSOs became less engaged due to lack of funding and a perceived lack of commitment by their government partners. Frequent changes in contact persons within both government entities and CSOs also negatively impacted collaboration. However, the process benefited from improvements in monitoring. Strong success metrics allowed for six-monthly evaluation of commitment implementation through meetings of the board of directorsThe OGP Board of Directors provides the fiduciary and legal oversight of the OGP Support Unit and the Independent Reporting Mechanism, which is housed within the OGP Secretariat, a US-based 501 (c)(3)... alongside government and civil society implementers.

Implementation in Context

In 2024, elections for the presidency and national parliament as well as subnational parliaments and chiefs (governor, mayor, and regents) were held simultaneously for the first time in Indonesia. This context motivated the creation of Commitments 5 and 6 on election integrity and disinformation. It also affected government operations as preparing the elections demanded significant attention and financial resources.^[2] Following the elections, reconfiguration of ministries required considerable effort from government stakeholders to adjust to new structures and authorities.^[3] In the aftermath, observers noted lower prioritization of the OGP process.^[4]

The operating environment for civil society faced restrictions and funding shortfalls during the action plan cycle. While Civicus continued to assess Indonesia’s civic space as obstructed,^[5] the action plan did not fully take up the opportunity to strengthen civic space. CSOs and think tanks observed restrictions on civil liberties and political expression, including diminished space to exercise political oversight and dissent against government policies.^[6] Meanwhile, international donor funding for democracy promotion in Indonesia continued the downward trajectory from the past decade,^[7] further restricting funding opportunities for CSOs focused on transparency, participation, and accountability. To some degree, this impacted the funding for OGP commitments implementation, especially CSO-led activities.

Finally, the national action plan was accompanied by local open government efforts. To date, Indonesia has eight OGP Local members, with three that joined in 2024 (Madiun, West Java, and Yogyakarta). During the implementation period, five completed local OGP action plans which comprised a total of 20 commitments (Banggai, Brebes, Semarang, West Nusa Tenggara, and West Sumbawa). Many of these focused on public service delivery, inclusion of underrepresented groups, and open data.^[8]

This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union.

The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Open Government PartnershipThe Open Government Partnership (OGP) is a multi-stakeholder initiative focused on improving government transparency, ensuring opportunities for citizen participation in public matters, and strengthen... More and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.